New research reveals the potential for solar power and agriculture to coexist

Scientists at Swansea University have developed a new tool to help identify the best photovoltaic (PV) materials that can maximise crop growth whilst producing solar energy.

In a recently published study, Solar RRLResearchers from the University’s Department of Physics have been studying the effects of semi-transparent PV materials placed on top of crops, a typical application of solar panels combined with agricultural land.

As part of this research, the team developed an innovative freeware tool that uses geographic, physical and electrical measurements to predict the light transmittance, absorption and power generation of a range of PV materials in almost any location on Earth.

“This technique, which allows us to compare many different types of solar-powered materials, could help us decide how to balance food production with renewable energy production,” said Austin Kay, lead author of the study and a PhD student at Swansea University.

A key factor in optimizing agrivoltaics is choosing the right PV materials, which requires understanding how the material absorbs different wavelengths (colors) of light and its bandgap: a wider bandgap allows the material to absorb higher energy, shorter wavelength light (blue), and a narrower bandgap allows the material to absorb lower energy, longer wavelength light (red).

By carefully selecting PV materials with specific bandgaps and absorption properties, researchers can fine-tune the “color” of light that passes through the semi-transparent PV and hits the crops, which absorb mostly red and blue light for photosynthesis and reflect green light.

Project leader Associate Professor Ardaran Armin said: “By optimizing the combination of solar panels and agriculture, agrivoltaics has the potential to make a significant contribution to decarbonizing the agricultural sector. This approach not only generates clean energy but also enhances food security.”

Solar panels or PV can be deployed in agricultural environments in a variety of ways to provide locally generated electricity with minimal impact on farm production. They can be fitted on the roofs of greenhouses and polyhouses or even used as shelter for livestock.

Instead, livestock can reduce maintenance costs by eating the vegetation around the panels, although it is important to carefully consider the type of livestock you have, as some species, such as goats, can jump onto PV panels and cause irreparable damage.